Power Factor for Single Phase

Power Factor Formula:

\[ PF = \frac{P_{kW}}{V \times I / 1000} \]

Power Factor (PF):

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1. What is Power Factor in Single Phase Systems?

Definition: Power factor (PF) is the ratio of real power (kW) to apparent power (kVA) in an AC electrical system.

Purpose: It measures how effectively electrical power is converted into useful work output, with 1.0 being perfect efficiency.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

\[ PF = \frac{P_{kW}}{V \times I / 1000} \]

Where:

\( PF \) — Power factor (unitless, between 0 and 1)
\( P_{kW} \) — Real power (kilowatts)
\( V \) — Voltage (volts)
\( I \) — Current (amperes)

Explanation: The formula divides the real power by the apparent power (calculated from voltage and current).

3. Importance of Power Factor

Details: A low power factor indicates poor electrical efficiency, causes higher current flow, and may result in utility penalties.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the real power in kW, voltage in volts, and current in amps. All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a good power factor value?
A: Typically 0.95 or higher is considered good. Below 0.85 is usually considered poor.

Q2: Why does power factor matter?
A: Low power factor increases energy losses and may result in higher electricity bills.

Q3: How can I improve power factor?
A: Use power factor correction capacitors, minimize idle running of motors, and use energy efficient equipment.

Q4: What causes low power factor?
A: Inductive loads like motors, transformers, and fluorescent lighting without power factor correction.

Q5: Is power factor different for three-phase systems?
A: The concept is similar but the calculation formula differs slightly for three-phase power.