Power Factor for 3 Phase

Power Factor Formula:

\[ PF = \frac{P_{kW}}{V \times I \times \sqrt{3} / 1000} \]

Power Factor (PF):

Unit Converter ▲

Unit Converter ▼

From:	To:

1. What is Power Factor for 3 Phase Systems?

Definition: Power factor is the ratio of real power (kW) to apparent power (kVA) in a 3-phase electrical system.

Purpose: It measures how effectively electrical power is being used, with 1.0 being perfect efficiency.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

\[ PF = \frac{P_{kW}}{V \times I \times \sqrt{3} / 1000} \]

Where:

\( PF \) — Power factor (unitless, between 0 and 1)
\( P_{kW} \) — Real power (kilowatts)
\( V \) — Line voltage (volts)
\( I \) — Line current (amps)
\( \sqrt{3} \) — Constant for 3-phase systems (≈1.732)

Explanation: The formula compares the actual power being used (kW) to the total power flowing in the system (kVA).

3. Importance of Power Factor

Details: A low power factor indicates poor electrical efficiency, can cause utility penalties, and requires larger equipment to handle the same real power.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the real power in kW, line-to-line voltage in volts, and line current in amps. All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a good power factor value?
A: Typically 0.95 or higher is considered good. Below 0.85 may incur utility penalties.

Q2: How can I improve power factor?
A: Add power factor correction capacitors, reduce motor idling, or use more efficient equipment.

Q3: Why is √3 used in 3-phase calculations?
A: It accounts for the phase difference (120°) between the three phases in a balanced system.

Q4: What's the difference between leading and lagging power factor?
A: Lagging (common) means current lags voltage (inductive loads). Leading means current leads voltage (capacitive loads).

Q5: Does power factor affect energy consumption?
A: It affects apparent power (kVA) and system capacity, but not directly the real power (kW) consumption.