1. What is 3-Phase Power Factor?

Definition: Power factor is the ratio of real power (kW) to apparent power (kVA) in a 3-phase AC electrical system.

Purpose: It measures how effectively electrical power is being used, with 1.0 being perfect efficiency.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( PF \) — Power factor (unitless, between 0 and 1)
• \( P_{kW} \) — Real power in kilowatts (kW)
• \( V \) — Line-to-line voltage in volts (V)
• \( I \) — Current in amperes (A)
• \( \sqrt{3} \) — Constant for 3-phase systems (≈1.732)

Explanation: The formula calculates the ratio of actual power being used (kW) to the total power flowing in the circuit (kVA).

3. Importance of Power Factor

Details: A low power factor indicates poor electrical efficiency, which can lead to higher utility costs and oversized equipment requirements.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the real power in kW, line-to-line voltage in volts, and current in amps. All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a good power factor value?
A: Typically 0.95 or higher is considered good. Values below 0.85 may incur penalties from utilities.

Q2: Why is √3 used in the formula?
A: The √3 factor accounts for the phase difference in 3-phase systems (120° between phases).

Q3: How can I improve power factor?
A: Methods include adding power factor correction capacitors, reducing idling motors, and using high-efficiency equipment.

Q4: What's the difference between leading and lagging power factor?
A: Lagging (common) means current lags voltage (inductive loads). Leading means current leads voltage (capacitive loads).

Q5: Does power factor affect energy consumption?
A: It affects apparent power and system capacity, but not the real power consumption directly (kW).